More than 7.6 million individuals across the United Kingdom are currently living with heart or circulatory diseases, according to data from the British Heart Foundation. Globally, it is estimated that approximately one in twelve people are affected by these conditions, underscoring a significant public health concern. Heart disease encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders that impact the heart and blood vessels, frequently stemming from fatty deposits within the arteries. These deposits can elevate the risk of dangerous blood clots and potentially lead to damage in vital organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, and eyes. Certain blood tests are available to measure various fat types within the body, aiding in diagnosis and management.
Survey Reveals Gaps in Public Awareness of Heart Disease Symptoms
In observance of National Heart Month this February, LloydsPharmacy Online Doctor conducted a survey involving 500 respondents from the UK to assess public knowledge regarding the symptoms of heart disease. Dr Bhavini Shah from LloydsPharmacy provides detailed explanations of these symptoms and offers practical guidance on how individuals can reduce their personal risk.
Recognising the Common and Uncommon Signs
Chest pain remains the most widely recognised symptom of heart disease, identified by 80% of survey participants. This discomfort, often described as pressure, tightness, squeezing, or heaviness, can be indicative of a heart attack, necessitating an immediate emergency call to 999.
Shortness of breath was correctly acknowledged by 77% of respondents. Dr Shah clarifies that when the heart fails to pump blood efficiently throughout the body, fluid may accumulate in the lungs, resulting in breathing difficulties.
Irregular heart rhythms, known to 70% of those surveyed, can also signal underlying heart issues. While not always linked to a severe condition, it is crucial to have such symptoms evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out any serious problems.
Extreme fatigue, which can make daily activities or light exercise exhausting, was recognised by 66% of participants as a potential symptom of heart disease.
The 'Less Well-Known' Symptom: Leg Swelling
Dr Shah highlights leg swelling, medically termed oedema, as a lesser-known symptom of heart disease. This occurs due to fluid buildup in the tissues and notably can worsen as the day progresses. Alarmingly, less than half (46%) of survey respondents were aware of this sign.
If you experience any of these symptoms and are concerned about a potential heart attack, it is essential to dial 999 immediately. Additionally, seek prompt medical advice from your GP.
Practical Steps to Reduce Your Risk of Heart Disease
Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet
Reducing fat intake is a highly effective strategy not only for lowering the risk of coronary heart disease but also for helping to decrease blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The NHS recommends a diet high in fibre and low in fat, incorporating at least five servings of fruit and vegetables daily, alongside whole grains such as oats, rye, and brown rice. It is also advised to limit salt consumption to no more than 6g per day and to avoid saturated fats, which can raise cholesterol levels.
Maintain Regular Physical Activity
Dr Shah emphasises the importance of staying active to prevent heart disease. According to the British Heart Foundation, regular physical activity can reduce your risk by up to 35%. Exercise helps regulate blood pressure and lower cholesterol. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week through activities like walking, cycling, swimming, or attending fitness classes. Choosing an enjoyable activity can enhance consistency and support a sustainable healthy lifestyle.
Quit Smoking
Smoking cigarettes damages the lining of the arteries, including the coronary arteries. A chemical called acrolein interferes with the body's ability to process cholesterol, leading to elevated levels in the bloodstream, as highlighted by the charity Action on Smoking and Health.
Limit Alcohol Consumption
Moderating alcohol intake is another key factor in reducing heart disease risk. NHS guidelines state that both men and women should not exceed 14 units of alcohol per week, spread over at least three days, rather than consumed in one sitting. Excessive alcohol consumption is linked to high blood pressure, and regularly surpassing the recommended limit over a decade can increase the risk of developing heart disease or stroke.
Prioritise Quality Sleep
Adequate rest is vital for heart health. Insufficient sleep may elevate the risk of heart disease. Healthy adults typically require between seven and nine hours of sleep per night, while teenagers, children, and babies need more, ranging from eight to sixteen hours. Implementing small, manageable adjustments to your daily routine can have a substantial positive impact on your cardiovascular wellbeing.
The insights are based on a survey of 500 British adults conducted by LloydsPharmacy Online Doctor, examining attitudes and knowledge concerning heart disease and its prevention.
