Durable, renewable and biodegradable, wood is an ideal material for furniture and cutting boards. But as consumers seek sustainable options, understanding logging practices, deforestation policies and impacts on wildlife can be challenging, says Linda Walker, director of corporate engagement for forests at the World Wildlife Fund.
Wood industry certifications aim to guide consumers, but they are not perfect. Some have rules written by big timber, and almost all receive payments from companies seeking certification. However, even the most flawed badges offer some baseline value.
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) seal is among the most comprehensive and widely used standards. It requires a maximum clearcut limit of 40 acres (16 hectares), with at least 30% of trees remaining. FSC prohibits clearing high-carbon old growth and some primary forests, restricts dangerous pesticides, and requires loggers to work with indigenous communities. Auditing is rigorous and independent.
The Living Product Challenge (LPC) is probably the most thorough certification, with robust environmental standards across seven areas including equity, energy use, and responsible material use. Products may carry the LPC or Red List Free seals, the latter certifying absence of toxic chemicals like phthalates and lead.
The Greenguard seal indicates low emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde and benzene, tested using California regulators' methodology. However, its limits are not based on health standards, leaving some uncertainty.
