Raccoons are known for raiding bins, but new research suggests they are driven by curiosity, not just hunger. A study from the University of British Columbia found that raccoons continue solving puzzles even after retrieving the only food reward.
Researchers created a multi-access puzzle box with nine entry points, grouped as easy, medium and hard. Inside was a single marshmallow, accessible via latches, sliding doors or knobs. In 20-minute trials, raccoons often opened new mechanisms after eating the marshmallow, a clear sign of information-seeking.
“We weren't expecting them to open all three solutions in a single trial. They kept problem-solving even when there was no marshmallow at the end,” said Hannah Griebling, lead author of the study published in the journal Animal Behaviour.
When puzzles were easy, raccoons explored broadly, trying multiple openings. As difficulty increased, they favoured a dependable solution but still explored other routes. This suggests they adjust their exploration strategy based on perceived cost and risk, mirroring decision-making in other animals and humans.
“It's a pattern familiar to anyone ordering at a restaurant... Do you order your favourite dish or try something new? If the risk is high – an expensive meal you might not like – you choose the safe option,” Dr Griebling explained. “Raccoons explore when the cost is low and quickly decide to play it safe when the stakes are higher.”
By solving problems for information, raccoons gain an advantage in complex environments, helping them access food sources. This cognitive trait may explain why they thrive in cities. “Understanding the cognitive traits that help raccoons thrive can guide management of species that struggle, and inform strategies for other species, like bears, that use problem-solving to access human-made resources,” said Dr Griebling.
