The UK government's deal to hand back the Chagos Islands to Mauritius includes plans to allow non-commercial fishing in the marine protected area (MPA) for the first time in 16 years. The move is seen as essential for the return of the Chagossian people, who relied on fishing as their main livelihood before being forcibly removed. However, conservationists have raised concerns, as the waters have thrived since a fishing ban was introduced in 2010.
The Chagos Islands MPA, covering 247,000 sq miles (640,000 sq km), is one of the world's largest 'no-take' zones. It boasts some of the cleanest water, healthiest coral reefs and most biodiverse marine life, including 800 species of fish and more than 76 species on the IUCN red list. The ban was controversial at its inception, with Chagossians accusing the UK and US of using it to prevent their return.
Under the new plans, almost 99% of the protected zone will be open to 'sustainable' fishing, with the area around the Diego Garcia military base remaining off-limits. Richard Ally of Chagossian Voices said allowing fishing is crucial for preserving Chagossian culture and ensuring a proper resettlement. He added that Chagossians have historically been guardians of the environment, but expressed doubts about Mauritius's capacity to regulate fishing effectively.
Prof Heather Koldewey of the Zoological Society of London noted that Mauritius has committed to no commercial fishing and high conservation ambitions, though dedicated financing for the MPA is still pending. However, some conservationists, including Dr Enric Sala of National Geographic's Pristine Seas project, argue the zone should remain fully protected. He described Chagos as a 'fish bank' that produces migratory species like tuna, which spill over into surrounding waters.
Labour MP Emily Thornberry, chair of the Foreign Office select committee, warned of a 'potential catastrophe' for wildlife on the islands. The environmental agreement, she said, is based on goodwill, and the lack of a clear regulatory framework raises concerns about the future of this unique marine ecosystem.
