The United States is grappling with a widespread outbreak of cyclosporiasis, an intestinal infection caused by the Cyclospora parasite, which has led to reports of explosive diarrhoea across 17 states. The outbreak, which has coincided with the final matches of the World Cup, has prompted health warnings for travellers. Michigan alone has recorded approximately 1,000 diagnoses in just two weeks, though the official national tally from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stood at 145 cases as of June 16.
What Is Cyclosporiasis and How Does It Spread?
Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora. The infection is typically contracted by consuming contaminated fresh produce, such as salad and fruit, or drinking unclean water. According to the CDC, the parasite is not native to the UK but is common in tropical and subtropical regions, including the US, Central and South America, South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Outbreaks tend to increase in spring and summer.
Current Outbreak and Affected States
The CDC has reported cases in states including Illinois, New York, Texas, and Michigan. While no fatalities have been recorded, 20 patients have been hospitalised. Health officials have yet to identify the source of the current outbreak. Notably, cyclosporiasis cannot be transmitted directly from person to person, reducing the risk of secondary spread.
Symptoms and Duration
Symptoms typically appear about one week after infection and can include loud, watery (explosive) diarrhoea, loss of appetite, bloating, burping, farting, extreme tiredness, low-grade fever, stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. The illness usually resolves on its own after a few weeks, but symptoms may come and go for up to a month if untreated.
Precautions for Travellers
Travellers to affected areas are advised to thoroughly wash all vegetables and fruit, particularly leafy greens and raspberries. Michigan's health department recommends cooking raspberries and leafy greens when possible and removing outer layers of lettuce and green onions. Anyone experiencing symptoms, especially frequent bouts of diarrhoea, should contact a healthcare provider promptly.
