Reform Judaism, the largest Jewish denomination in North America, has come under the spotlight following an attack on Temple Israel in Michigan. The synagogue, with over 12,000 members, is a prominent institution within the movement, known for its progressive values and emphasis on social justice.
The Reform movement originated in 19th-century Germany and the United States, moving away from literal interpretations of the Hebrew Bible and traditional observances in favour of reason and modern scholarship. Today, it values Jewish tradition alongside individual conscience, and supports gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and racial justice.
Reform Judaism allows women to become rabbis and permits interfaith marriages, distinguishing it from more traditional denominations. Many congregations incorporate Hebrew worship, and some members observe traditional practices like keeping kosher or wearing a kippah.
Reform leaders have long supported Israel but have criticised specific policies, including judicial reforms and gender segregation at the Western Wall. Some have also voiced concerns over Israel's actions in Gaza. The movement has nearly 850 congregations in the US and Canada, with over 2 million members worldwide.
The attack on Temple Israel follows similar incidents at Reform synagogues in Toronto and Mississippi. The Union for Reform Judaism expressed solidarity with the injured security officer and the community, stating, 'A synagogue is meant to be a sanctuary... Violence and antisemitism have no place in our society.'
