The 1986 Chernobyl disaster fuelled global fears about nuclear power and slowed its development in Europe and beyond. Four decades later, however, a revival is under way worldwide, given a significant boost by the war in the Middle East.
Over 400 nuclear reactors are now operational in 31 countries, with about 70 more under construction. Nuclear power accounts for approximately 10% of the world's electricity, equivalent to about a quarter of all low-carbon sources. Reactors have become safer and cheaper to build and operate, says Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency, who is certain that nuclear is making a strong comeback in the Americas, Europe and Asia.
The United States remains the largest nuclear power producer with 94 reactors, aiming to quadruple capacity by 2050. China operates 61 reactors and leads global construction with nearly 40 new units, targeting leadership in nuclear capacity. European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen has admitted that cutting nuclear energy was a strategic mistake and has proposed new initiatives to encourage plant building. Russia is exporting its nuclear expertise, constructing 20 reactors abroad.
Ukraine still relies on nuclear for about half its electricity, despite the conflict with Russia, which has seized the Zaporizhzhia plant and been accused of a drone attack on Chernobyl's containment structure. Japan has restarted 15 reactors following the Fukushima disaster. The International Atomic Energy Agency's Rafael Grossi notes growing recognition that reliable, low-carbon electricity is essential for rising demand, driving the nuclear revival.
