Thailand has taken the unprecedented step of allowing refugees from Myanmar living in border camps to work legally, in a move aimed at addressing aid reductions and domestic labour shortages. The policy, which came into effect this month, permits eligible residents of nine camps along the Thai-Myanmar border to seek employment outside the camps for the first time in decades.
The decision follows significant cuts to foreign aid, particularly from the United States, which had been a major donor to the camps. The Border Consortium, the main food supplier to the camps, said it could now only support the most vulnerable residents after US funding was slashed. The International Rescue Committee also closed its health facilities in the camps due to funding shortfalls.
The United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR) welcomed the policy as a “turning point”. Tammi Sharpe, UNHCR’s representative in Thailand, said refugees would now be able to support themselves and their families, stimulate local economies, and contribute to national GDP growth. The Karen Refugee Committee, representing ethnic minority refugees from Myanmar, also expressed happiness, though noted concerns about language barriers and job skills.
Thailand’s labour ministry stated that the measure would help avoid burdening the government alone, support economic growth, address labour shortages, and promote human rights. The country’s workforce has been depleted by an ageing population and the departure of around 520,000 Cambodian workers following a border dispute with Cambodia.
Refugees seeking work must apply for permits and undergo health screening, while employers will be vetted by camp officials. Many jobs are expected in agriculture, factories, and other sectors facing labour shortages. The policy positions Thailand as a regional leader in managing displaced populations, according to rights groups.
