Experts are advising consumers to wash new clothes before wearing them, citing risks from harmful chemicals, bacteria, and even microscopic pests. Dr. Shilpi Khetarpal, a dermatologist at the Cleveland Clinic, recommends washing all newly purchased garments to reduce exposure to potentially dangerous substances.
New or dark-coloured clothing often contains excess synthetic dyes, such as azo dyes, which are derived from petroleum. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, certain azo dyes can be converted in the body into cancer-causing chemicals. These dyes may also separate from fabrics and be absorbed through the skin, increasing health risks. Additionally, some manufacturers add formaldehyde to prevent wrinkling and mould, which can cause skin irritation.
Heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, and chromium are used in textile dyeing and printing processes, and all three are known carcinogens. A recent study by the American Chemical Society found that bright children's clothing can contain lead levels exceeding federal standards, posing risks of behavioural problems and neurological damage.
Bacteria and viruses are also common on new clothes. Studies have found faecal bacteria and nasal viruses on garments that have been tried on in stores. The flu virus can survive on fabric for up to 12 hours, while COVID-19 can persist for three days, especially on polyester. Common bacteria include Staphylococcus and E. coli, and pests such as lice, mites, and scabies can also be present. Dr. Donald Belsito of Columbia University Medical Center reported cases of lice possibly transmitted from trying on clothes in stores.
