The government's overhaul of the NHS in England has become law after receiving Royal Assent in March 2012, more than 14 months after being first tabled in the House of Commons. The plans, described as one of the most radical in the history of the health service, aim to give GPs and other clinicians greater responsibility for spending the budget while encouraging more competition with the private sector.
The reforms have proved highly controversial. Ministers were forced to put the plans on hold last spring after criticism from MPs and health unions, an unprecedented step. Following a 'listening exercise', changes were agreed, but these have not appeased critics. A host of health groups, including royal colleges that set professional standards and major unions representing doctors, nurses, and midwives, have stated their total opposition to the plans.
Under the new system, GPs and clinicians will take on much of the budget responsibility currently held by primary care trusts. The government argues this will lead to more efficient, patient-focused care. However, opponents fear increased privatisation and fragmentation of services.
