Britain is embarking on its most significant border and immigration overhaul in decades, with a series of sweeping changes set to take effect throughout 2024. The government's new strategy promises to strengthen security, reduce net migration, and ensure migrants contribute fairly to public services like the NHS.
What's Changing at the Border?
The cornerstone of the new system is the introduction of the Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme. Similar to the US ESTA programme, this requires visitors from visa-free countries to obtain pre-travel permission online. The scheme, already rolling out for Qatari nationals, will be fully implemented for all applicable nationalities by the end of the year.
Furthermore, the much-delayed new border system will finally launch, introducing a 'permission to travel' requirement. This means everyone, including British citizens, will need specific authorisation before arriving in the UK. The system will use advanced biometrics, potentially replacing passport stamps with facial recognition technology.
NHS Fee Hike for Migrants
In a move that has sparked debate, the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) is set to increase dramatically. This is the fee paid by migrants to access the National Health Service. The government argues this ensures newcomers make a fair contribution, while critics warn it could deter essential workers.
The surcharge is expected to rise from its current £624 per year to over £1,000. This significant increase will impact most visa applicants, including those on work and family visas.
Tighter Visa Rules for Workers and Families
To curb record-high net migration, the government is implementing stricter visa requirements:
- Skilled Worker Visa: The minimum salary threshold will jump from £26,200 to £38,700, making it harder for employers to sponsor overseas staff.
- Family Visas: The minimum income requirement for bringing a family member to the UK will also rise to £38,700, a substantial increase from the current £18,600.
- Shortage Occupation List: The benefits associated with this list will be reduced, closing a route that previously allowed lower salaries in certain sectors.
Impact and Controversy
Ministers claim these measures are essential to manage immigration sustainably and protect public services. However, business groups have expressed concern about potential labour shortages in key industries like hospitality and social care. Opposition parties and charities have criticised the family visa changes, labelling them a 'heartless tax on love' that could separate British citizens from their partners.
As these policies roll out, their effect on the UK's economy, public services, and social fabric will be closely watched. The changes represent a fundamental shift in the UK's approach to border control and immigration post-Brexit.
