The NHS has urged people to call 999 if they experience certain chest pain symptoms, warning that costochondritis – inflammation where the ribs join the breastbone – can cause sharp pain that is easily confused with a heart attack or other emergency.
Some people may fear the worst, assuming they are having a heart attack when the pain is not serious. Others may wrongly assume their pain is costochondritis – especially if they have had it before – when it could be something far more dangerous.
What is costochondritis?
The NHS explains costochondritis "is inflammation where your ribs join the bone in the middle of your chest (breastbone). It can cause sharp chest pain, especially when moving or breathing. It usually gets better on its own over time".
The NHS page, last reviewed on August 14, 2026, says costochondritis can cause a sharp pain at the front or side of the chest, which may feel worse when breathing deeply, lying down, pressing the middle of your chest or your ribs, or moving your upper body.
When to call 999
The NHS says unexplained chest pain that does not ease should always be checked by a healthcare professional. If you suspect costochondritis, you can seek advice via NHS 111.
It is crucial to have chest pain assessed to rule out anything more serious, as you could be having a heart attack. You should call 999 if you have chest pain that started suddenly, or spreads to your arm, neck or jaw, or your chest feels tight – this could be a heart attack. You should also call 999 if you experience chest pain with difficulty breathing, your heart beating fast, or you are coughing up blood – this could be a pulmonary embolism. Sudden chest or back pain that can feel like something being torn inside, and causes shortness of breath, and problems with walking, vision and speaking, also warrants a 999 call.
Do not drive yourself to A&E. The 999 call handler will advise you on what to do next.
Causes and treatment
It is not always known what causes costochondritis, but it has been linked to repetitive upper body movements like lifting, infection, an injury to your chest, and coughing a lot.
Costochondritis usually gets better on its own, but symptoms can last from a few weeks to a few months. Anti-inflammatory painkillers like ibuprofen can help ease the pain. The NHS says if the pain is severe or not improving, you should contact your GP and not worry about being a burden or overthinking. A doctor may suggest a steroid injection to reduce inflammation, or a local anaesthetic to numb the area.
