The National Health Service (NHS) has issued a warning to individuals taking citalopram, a widely prescribed antidepressant, urging them to contact 111 if they notice blood in their stool. This symptom could indicate a rare but serious side effect of the medication.
Understanding Citalopram
Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat depression and, in some cases, panic attacks. It is one of the most frequently prescribed antidepressants in the United Kingdom, with approximately 13.3 million items dispensed annually in England. Despite its effectiveness, citalopram can cause side effects in some individuals, as is the case with all medicines.
Common Side Effects
The NHS notes that many common side effects of citalopram tend to improve as the body adjusts to the medication. For instance, when taken for panic attacks, it may initially exacerbate anxiety during the first few weeks of treatment. However, this effect usually subsides after several weeks. If it persists, patients are advised to consult their doctor, as a lower dose might alleviate symptoms.
Approximately one in 100 people experience common side effects, which include dry mouth, excessive sweating, insomnia, headaches, and nausea. Patients are encouraged to speak with a doctor or pharmacist if these side effects persist or become bothersome.
Serious Side Effects
While rare, occurring in fewer than one in 1,000 individuals, citalopram can cause serious side effects. One such effect is gastrointestinal bleeding, which may manifest as blood in the stool, appearing red or black. The NHS advises calling a doctor or 111 immediately if this occurs.
Other serious symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include:
- Bleeding from the gums or unexplained, enlarging bruises
- Intense feelings of happiness, excitement, or restlessness, making it difficult to sit or stand still
- Coughing up blood or blood in urine
- Blood in vomit
Emergency Situations
The NHS recommends calling 999 or visiting A&E if any of the following occur:
- Chest pain, pressure, or shortness of breath
- First-time seizure or increased frequency of existing seizures
- Severe dizziness or fainting
- Painful erections lasting more than two hours, even without sexual activity
- Heavy bleeding from cuts or nosebleeds that does not stop within 10 minutes
- Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
- Headaches, difficulty focusing, memory problems, unclear thinking, weakness, seizures, or loss of balance, which may indicate low sodium levels
The NHS emphasizes that these side effects are rare but serious, and prompt medical attention is crucial. Patients are encouraged to remain vigilant and seek help if any concerning symptoms arise.
