A public health expert has revealed key warning signs and ways to keep cool as the UK experiences a record-breaking heatwave. With beach trips and outdoor activities in full swing, it's important to recognize the risks of dangerously high temperatures.
Signs of heat-related illness to watch for
Heat-related illnesses range from mild to life-threatening. Mild forms include heat cramps and heat rash, caused by extensive sweating. Cooling the body and drinking cool fluids can help. Heat exhaustion is more serious, with symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, excessive sweating, weakness, thirst, and headache. It signals that the body is losing its ability to maintain a stable core temperature. Immediate action—moving to a cool space, drinking liquids, loosening clothes, and applying wet cloths—can prevent progression to heat stroke.
Heat stroke is a medical emergency. The body can no longer regulate its core temperature, which can reach 106°F (41°C) or higher, damaging the brain, heart, and kidneys. Sweating often stops, cognitive ability fails, and seizures or coma may occur. Without immediate treatment, heat stroke can be fatal.
How to tell when the heat is too high
Heat risk depends on both temperature and humidity. Check the heat index, which accounts for both factors. Even moderate temperatures with high humidity can be dangerous. The heat index is conservative; direct sunlight can increase it by up to 15°F. A more sophisticated measure is the wet-bulb globe temperature, which includes wind speed and cloud cover. Neither accounts for physical exertion, which raises body temperature further.
Tips for staying safe in a heatwave
- Avoid strenuous outdoor activities in high temperatures. If you feel symptoms, drink fluids, find shade, rest, and use cool damp cloths.
- Call for medical help if you see signs of heat stroke in someone else.
- Be careful with fans. At very high temperatures (above 95°F/35°C), fans can accelerate heat buildup and increase risk.
- Find a cooling centre, library, or community centre with air conditioning during the hottest hours.
- Hydrate with plenty of fluids, including electrolytes from sports drinks or rehydration fluids.
- Check on older adults and people with disabilities, who face higher risks. Communities can help by providing cooling centres, bottled water, and wellness checks.
Summer can be fun, but remember the risks. Plan ahead, keep an eye on friends and neighbours, and beat the heat.
