As temperatures soar across the UK, health experts are warning about the dangers of dehydration, which can range from mild to severe. Dr Naveed Asif, a GP at The London General Practice, notes that most people are likely mildly dehydrated most of the time, experiencing symptoms like dry mouth, lips, and eyes. Moderate dehydration begins to impact daily function, while severe cases can lead to significant illness, especially in those with pre-existing conditions.
Beyond thirst and dry mouth, there are subtle signs of dehydration. Dr Hugh Coyne, co-founder of Coyne Medical, explains that dehydration can cause restlessness or irritability, as the brain is highly sensitive to hydration levels. Muscle cramping and tingling may also occur due to an imbalance of electrolytes, which are essential for muscle and nerve function.
Headaches are common with even mild dehydration, as the brain temporarily shrinks, causing tension on its lining and reduced blood flow. Skin turgor—the skin's elasticity—is another indicator; when dehydrated, skin takes longer to bounce back after being pinched. However, this sign is less reliable in older adults due to natural loss of elasticity.
Fatigue, tiredness, and lethargy are early signs, along with an elevated heart rate as the body tries to maintain blood pressure and deliver oxygen to organs. The release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol can further increase heart rate. If left unaddressed, dehydration can lead to heat stroke, a severe condition with high mortality rates.
Prevention is key. Drink water regularly, especially during hot weather, and be aware of these subtle signs. Higher-risk groups, such as infants and the elderly, should be particularly cautious. Any signs of confusion, agitation, slurred speech, or loss of consciousness require emergency medical help, as these may indicate heat stroke.
