Rotavirus cases are rising among children in the United States, with doctors reporting an earlier-than-usual surge in infections. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that nearly 8% of tests are now positive, compared to around 7% at the same time last year. However, the increase began in January 2026, when positivity rates reached 3%, well above the typical 1% for that month. This extended season means more children are falling ill over a longer period.
Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that causes severe diarrhoea, vomiting, and fever, leading to rapid dehydration. It primarily affects infants and young children, with nearly all unvaccinated children infected by age five. Before vaccines became available in 2006, the virus caused over 400,000 medical visits, 70,000 hospitalisations, and up to 60 deaths annually in the US. Hospitalisations have since dropped by 80% and emergency visits by 57% due to vaccination.
Epidemiologist Annette Regan explains that rotavirus spreads via the faecal-oral route, often through contaminated hands, surfaces, food, or water. There is no specific treatment; doctors focus on fluid replacement to prevent dehydration, which can be fatal if untreated. While older children and adults typically experience milder illness, those over 65 or with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe disease.
Vaccination rates have declined in recent years. In 2018, 77% of children received the full vaccine series by eight months of age, but this fell to 74% by 2024. In January 2026, the Department of Health and Human Services shifted rotavirus vaccination from a universal recommendation to a decision for families and providers, though this change was later paused. Lower vaccination coverage may prolong outbreaks in affected areas.
CDC surveillance also shows a 40% increase in rotavirus levels in sewage since February, indicating wider community spread. Doctors urge families to ensure children receive the safe and effective rotavirus vaccine, which has been studied in over 70,000 babies and is proven to prevent severe illness.
