Rabies, a deadly viral disease, remains a significant threat to humans despite being rare in developed countries. The virus, typically transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, attacks the central nervous system and is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.
How Rabies Spreads
The rabies virus is primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly via bites. While dogs are the main carriers in many parts of the world, bats, foxes, and raccoons can also spread the disease.
Early Symptoms to Watch For
Initial signs of rabies infection may resemble flu-like symptoms, including:
- Fever
- Headache
- Nausea
- General weakness
As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms develop, such as anxiety, confusion, agitation, and hydrophobia (fear of water).
Why Immediate Treatment is Critical
Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is nearly 100% fatal. However, prompt post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can prevent the virus from taking hold. PEP includes:
- Thorough wound cleaning
- A series of rabies vaccinations
- Rabies immune globulin injection
Health experts emphasize that any potential exposure to rabies should be treated as a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
Prevention is Key
To reduce rabies risk:
- Avoid contact with wild or stray animals
- Vaccinate pets regularly
- Seek medical advice after any animal bite
- Consider pre-exposure vaccination if traveling to high-risk areas
While human rabies cases are rare in the UK, global travel increases exposure risks. Public health officials urge awareness and caution when encountering animals in rabies-endemic regions.
