That familiar, unwelcome pressure in your temples… but is it just a common headache or something more serious? For millions in the UK, understanding the difference is the first step towards effective relief.
While often used interchangeably, headaches and migraines are distinct conditions with unique symptoms and causes. Recognising which one you're experiencing is crucial for proper management and knowing when to consult your GP.
Headache vs. Migraine: Know the Difference
Headaches are typically experienced as a constant, dull ache or pressure around the head, notably the forehead, temples, or back of the neck. They are generally less severe and rarely stop you from going about your daily activities.
In stark contrast, a migraine is a complex neurological condition often described as an intense, throbbing pain, usually concentrated on one side of the head. This severe pain is frequently accompanied by a host of other debilitating symptoms.
The Tell-Tale Signs of a Migraine Attack
Migraines present a constellation of symptoms that set them apart. Key indicators include:
- Severe, throbbing pain: Often focused on one side of the head.
- Nausea and vomiting: A common and distressing companion to the pain.
- Sensitivity to light and sound: Sufferers often retreat to a dark, quiet room.
- Aura: Some experience warning signs before the pain begins, such as visual disturbances (flashing lights, zigzag lines), tingling sensations, or speech difficulties.
What Triggers These Episodes?
Pinpointing personal triggers is a powerful tool for management. Common culprits include:
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in oestrogen, particularly in women, are a common trigger.
- Emotional triggers: Stress, anxiety, and shock can all precipitate an attack.
- Dietary factors: Alcohol (especially red wine), caffeine, chocolate, and aged cheeses are frequent offenders.
- Environmental factors: Bright lights, loud noises, and strong smells can trigger a migraine.
- Physical factors: Poor sleep quality, exhaustion, and poor posture are also known contributors.
When Should You Seek Medical Advice?
The NHS advises that you must see a GP if:
- Your headaches are getting worse or are not improving with over-the-counter medication.
- You experience a sudden, extremely painful headache unlike any you've had before (often described as a "thunderclap").
- You have a headache following a significant head injury.
- Your headache is accompanied by a high fever, confusion, a stiff neck, or vision loss.
Understanding your condition is the first step toward regaining control. By identifying your specific triggers and symptoms, you can work with healthcare professionals to develop a personalised management plan and improve your quality of life.
