British couples undergoing IVF are exploiting an apparent legal loophole to rank embryos based on genetic predictions of IQ, height and health, the Guardian has learned. The controversial screening technique, which scores embryos using DNA analysis, is not permitted at UK fertility clinics. However, under data protection laws, patients can demand their embryos' raw genetic data and send it abroad for analysis.
Dr Cristina Hickman, a senior embryologist and founder of Avenues fertility clinic in London, said rapid advances in embryo screening and the launch of US companies offering polygenic screening have left clinics facing legal and ethical confusion. One US company, Herasight, charges $50,000 (£37,000) to assess an unlimited number of embryos and has confirmed working with UK IVF couples.
Avenues currently has two patients intending to use Herasight's service. One 29-year-old patient said she and her husband hope to reduce disease risk and pick embryos with high predicted IQ. Herasight claims an average gain of six IQ points for a couple with five embryos, and provides sex, predicted height and risk scores for conditions including heart disease and Alzheimer's.
In the UK, embryo tests are legally restricted to serious health conditions. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) says polygenic testing is unlawful for use in UK clinics. However, some question whether the HFEA's position is enforceable. Dr Hickman said clinics would generally not block a couple's request to transfer a particular embryo.
Prof Angus Clarke, a clinical geneticist at Cardiff University, said: “These companies are dealing in murky science in an emotionally fraught context.” He warned of broader ethical concerns, including a stratified society where wealthier people select preferred embryos.
