A novel nasal spray that could offer protection against all variants of Covid-19 is set to begin human trials. Developed by scientists at the University of Washington School of Medicine, the treatment uses potent proteins called minibinders that target the virus's weak spots and prevent it from infecting the body.
The minibinders are designed to attach to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, blocking its interaction with the ACE2 receptor, which the virus uses to enter cells. Unlike some antibody therapies that only block one binding domain, these minibinders cover all three, making them extremely effective and less likely to detach. According to Professor Michael Jewett, the binding is among the tightest known in biology, with the proteins remaining attached to the spike protein even after a week in a test tube.
In tests on mice, the nasal spray reduced Covid symptoms and prevented infections. The researchers believe the treatment will also work against new variants because it targets the virus's entry mechanism, which is essential for infection. The minibinders can be produced in large quantities using microorganisms like E. coli, making them cost-effective and stable at high temperatures, potentially allowing for self-administration via a nasal spray in pharmacies.
The findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine. The treatment offers a simpler alternative to vaccines and antibody therapies, which have faced challenges with evolving variants and complex supply chains.
