October is a crucial month for gardeners, and Paul Parker, gardening specialist at plants and bulbs experts J. Parker's, has shared five essential autumn tasks to keep outdoor spaces thriving.
Plant spring bulbs
Planning ahead with planting is key, and positioning bulbs carefully ensures the best display when conditions improve. Parker recommends playing with different heights and textures.
He says: "I always recommend you play with different heights and textures, for example, tulips, daffodils and alliums make great taller-flowering varieties. Mix these with Fritillaria, miniature narcissi and crocuses for lower-growing interest."
Prune climbing roses
While climbing roses are dormant through the colder period, they do not require pruning, especially if younger than two years old, to avoid hampering development. Basic maintenance only involves trimming side shoots that cross or point downwards, leaving the main framework of stems alone.
Only lengthy shoots vulnerable to wind damage need pruning in autumn. Fallen leaves should be collected from around the base to "prevent the spread of fungal diseases".
Lift tender plants
With frosty days approaching, tender bulbs and tubers such as dahlias and begonias should be lifted and stored inside over winter. This safeguards their fragility and maximises investment, as many can be replanted in spring.
Parker said: "To do this, wait for the first frost to blacken the leaves. Using a garden fork, gently lift out the tuber clump."
"Once the tubers are removed, leave them to dry upside down for a couple of days so that the stems can dry out. Over winter, leave the tubers in a moisture-free, cool area such as your garage or shed."
Make the most of dropped leaves
Fallen leaves make excellent compost. Adding them to a compost heap with fresh grass clippings keeps the pile moist, and within a year it should produce nutrient-rich compost for the soil.
Move rooted plants
Parker says: "By late autumn, once your trees, shrubs, climbers, and hedging are fully defoliated, they have entered their dormant phase."
This allows them to be lifted and relocated, with October providing the ideal opportunity to move established plants. With soil still retaining warmth, roots have time to settle before winter, though waiting until they are dormant, generally later in the month, is essential for effectiveness.
