Croatia has introduced an ambitious package of housing grants, childcare funding and diaspora incentives as part of a new Demographic Renewal Act aimed at reversing decades of population decline and youth emigration.
Demography and Immigration Minister Ivan Šipić proposed the national framework to coordinate family support, affordable housing, childcare and return schemes for emigrants, with a focus on hard-hit eastern regions such as Slavonia. Speaking in Osijek alongside local officials and academic leaders, Šipić said: "Demographic renewal is not the responsibility of one ministry or one term in office. It is a question of Croatia’s future."
Eastern regions hit hardest
In rural and inland areas, the demographic slump has hollowed out whole communities. Osijek-Baranja County saw its population plunge by 15.41% between 2011 and 2021, dropping to just 258,026 residents. While the county registered a modest migration surplus of 386 people in 2025, deaths still outstripped births, according to CroatiaWeek.
Regional and national authorities have pumped more than €6 million (£5 million) into local nurseries, playgrounds and youth schemes. Under the "Our Slavonia and Baranja – Our Home" scheme, regional chiefs handed €640,000 (£535,000) in grants to 119 young families to buy or renovate properties, alongside rolling out 52 rent-to-buy homes across 19 districts on 10- to 30-year leases.
Childcare and family support boost
Family support is also receiving a major injection, with nursery and education spending in regional capital Osijek rising from €5.6 million (£4.7 million) in 2021 to €14.8 million (£12.4 million) in 2026, helping lift births to 774 last year. Officials are now backing a new "Mum, I’m Here" pilot to give new mothers hands-on home help, postpartum advice and direct healthcare support.
Ministers are also looking overseas to plug the gap, offering free language courses to coax the grandchildren of Croatian emigrants back home.
National emergency
Croatia’s demographic woes are among the most acute in Eastern Europe. Since joining the EU in 2013, hundreds of thousands of working-age Croats moved west in search of higher wages in Germany, Ireland and Austria. Combined with years of sub-replacement fertility, the national headcount dropped under 3.9 million in the 2021 census, a decline of nearly 10% in a decade.
Croatia’s fertility rate hovers around 1.47 to 1.49 children per woman, far below the 2.1 replacement level required to keep a population stable without mass immigration. While that still edges out the EU average of roughly 1.35 and southern neighbours like Italy and Spain, where rates have collapsed below 1.25, decades of deaths outstripping births and relentless emigration of young people mean ministers in Zagreb are treating the slump as a national emergency.
