As the UK braces for its first heatwave of the year, understanding the dangers of extreme heat is crucial. A public health expert has outlined the warning signs of heat-related illnesses and practical ways to stay cool when temperatures and humidity soar.
What is Heat Stroke?
Heat stroke is a severe, life-threatening condition that occurs when the body can no longer regulate its core temperature. It can develop rapidly, especially during prolonged exposure to high heat and humidity. According to Brian Bossak, a professor of public health at the College of Charleston, heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
Signs and Symptoms of Heat-Related Illness
Heat-related illnesses range from mild to severe. Mild forms include heat cramps and heat rash, which can be alleviated by cooling the body and drinking cool fluids. More serious is heat exhaustion, characterized by dizziness, nausea, excessive sweating, weakness, thirst, and headache. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke.
During heat stroke, the body temperature can rise rapidly to 106°F (41°C) or higher, damaging the brain, heart, and kidneys. Sweating often stops, cognitive function fails, and the person may experience seizures or coma. Immediate medical intervention is critical to prevent fatality.
How to Assess Heat Risk
Heat risk depends not only on temperature but also on humidity. The heat index, which combines temperature and relative humidity, provides a better gauge of danger. However, it is conservative because weather measurements are taken in the shade. Direct sunlight can increase the heat index by up to 15°F. A more accurate measure is the wet-bulb globe temperature, which considers wind speed and cloud cover. Physical exertion also raises body temperature, increasing risk.
Tips for Staying Safe in a Heatwave
- Avoid strenuous outdoor activities during peak heat. If you must be active, take frequent breaks in the shade.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, including sports drinks that replenish electrolytes lost through sweat.
- Use cool, damp cloths to lower body temperature and seek air-conditioned spaces such as libraries or cooling centres.
- Be cautious with fans: at indoor temperatures above 95°F (35°C), fans can actually accelerate heat buildup and increase risk.
- Check on vulnerable individuals, such as older adults and people with disabilities, who may have difficulty cooling down.
Summer can be enjoyable, but it is essential to recognise the risks and plan ahead. By staying informed and taking preventive measures, you can beat the heat and stay safe.
