Heat Exhaustion vs Heatstroke: Key Differences and Warning Signs
As a fierce heatwave sweeps across the UK, with temperatures edging towards 40C, it is crucial to understand the distinction between heat exhaustion and heatstroke. For only the second time in history, the Met Office has issued a red warning for extreme heat in parts of England and Wales. The consequences are severe: on Wednesday, the London Ambulance Service recorded its highest-ever number of life-threatening emergencies, which it attributed to the extreme heat, according to the Express.
Both conditions are forms of heat-related illness, but heatstroke is the more severe and can be life-threatening. Anyone can be affected during hot weather, but certain groups are particularly vulnerable: older people, babies, young children, and individuals with long-term health conditions such as diabetes or heart problems.
What Is Heatstroke?
Heatstroke occurs when the body's ability to regulate its temperature is overwhelmed by heat, leading to reduced blood flow and damage to vital organs. The NHS urges anyone displaying symptoms of heatstroke to seek urgent medical attention. Symptoms can include:
- High body temperature or fever – usually more than 40C
- Fainting or losing consciousness
- A seizure or fit
- Severe difficulty breathing – for example, struggling to speak without pausing, gasping or choking
- Confusion
- Lack of coordination
- Skin that is cold to the touch, even with a high body temperature
What Is Heat Exhaustion?
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body overheats, essentially losing excessive quantities of water and salt, typically through perspiration. Fatigue, muscle cramps, and heat rash are among the telltale signs. The symptoms are generally identical in children and adults, although youngsters may also display unusual behaviour. NHS Inform outlines the following symptoms of heat exhaustion:
- Tiredness
- Weakness
- Feeling faint
- Headache
- Muscle cramps
- Feeling or being sick
- Heavy sweating
- Feeling very thirsty
- Heat rash
When to Seek Medical Help
If you or someone nearby shows signs of heatstroke, call 999 immediately. For heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, drink water, and cool the skin with a spray or sponge. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical advice promptly.
