In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, there are often signs beyond the well-known memory problems. The NHS highlights that while memory issues are a hallmark, other symptoms may appear first.
Memory Problems in Alzheimer's
Memory difficulties can include misplacing belongings, forgetting names of places and objects, and struggling to find the right word. As the condition progresses, individuals may forget recent conversations or repeatedly ask the same questions. Cognitive decline may also manifest as poor judgment, indecision, and reluctance to try new experiences.
Mood Changes as Early Signs
The NHS notes that there are often signs of mood changes, particularly growing anxiety and episodes of confusion. These can be early indicators before memory loss becomes prominent.
Progression of Symptoms
Alzheimer's symptoms progress slowly over several years. In the middle stages, as more of the brain is affected, additional symptoms emerge. These include disorientation (difficulty telling time, wandering), disturbed sleep, hallucinations, delusions, and mood shifts like depression, frustration, and agitation. By this stage, support is usually needed for daily living.
Treatment and Support
Earlier recognition allows quicker access to support, including medication. Drugs like donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine can temporarily ease symptoms by boosting acetylcholine levels in the brain, helping nerve cells communicate.
Reducing Risk
Improving cardiovascular health can lower Alzheimer's risk. Key steps include not smoking, limiting alcohol, eating a balanced diet, exercising for 150 minutes weekly, and controlling blood pressure.
