Scientists funded by Cancer Research UK have developed an innovative urine test that could detect lung cancer at an early stage, potentially revolutionising diagnosis and treatment. The test, which identifies specific proteins from so-called 'zombie' cells, may be available on the NHS within five years.
Breakthrough in Early Detection
Currently, the majority of lung cancer cases in England are diagnosed at advanced stages, making treatment more difficult and reducing survival rates. This new urine test aims to change that by detecting the disease months or even years before symptoms appear. Researchers at the University of Cambridge, in collaboration with Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, have cleared a significant hurdle, bringing the test closer to clinical use.
How the Test Works
The test targets senescent cells, often called 'zombie' cells because they are alive but unable to grow and divide. These cells can cause tissue damage and promote cancer emergence. A sensor injected into the body interacts with zombie cell proteins and releases a detectable compound into urine, signalling their presence. This approach has been validated using human tissue samples and large genetic datasets, as reported in the journal Nature Ageing.
Potential Beyond Lung Cancer
Researchers believe the sensor may also detect other lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis. Professor Ljiljana Fruk from the University of Cambridge expressed optimism: 'The sensor has not yet been tested in humans; clinical trials are next. It could take a few years to bring it to patients, but this is a first big step. It could one day be used easily in GP surgeries and hospitals to detect recurrence in this hard-to-treat cancer much earlier.'
Expert Opinions
Professor Daniel Munoz-Espin, from the Early Cancer Institute, noted that previous studies showed senescent cells can cause treatment resistance and aggressive relapse. 'Our urine nano sensor may allow primary care detection of therapy resistance and early lung cancer development,' he said. Professor Robert Rintoul added: 'Novel approaches for lung cancer detection are urgently needed. This work forms the basis for clinical trials with a view to future use in the clinic.'
Patrick Keely, Cancer Research UK's spokesman for the east of England, commented: 'With new technologies opening doors to new discoveries, we are living in a golden age of research, powerfully underlined by this innovative urine test to detect early lung cancer.'
