A hormonal condition affecting 1 in 8 women worldwide has been renamed to improve care. Formerly known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is now called polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS).
Why the Name Change?
Researchers and supporters say the old name was inaccurate, reducing a complex hormonal disorder to a misunderstanding about cysts and focusing solely on ovaries. This contributed to missed diagnoses and inadequate treatment, according to the Endocrine Society. Dr. Melanie Cree, a pediatric endocrinology expert at the University of Colorado Anschutz and co-author of a Lancet article, explained: 'The thought behind that is that one, there’s no cysts in the ovary, so it’s very confusing. The hope was that with a more comprehensive and accurate name change, it would start to enable and push better care.'
The change, published in The Lancet on Tuesday, follows 14 years of collaboration between experts and patients.
What Is PMOS?
The condition is characterized by hormone fluctuations affecting weight, metabolic and mental health, the reproductive system, and skin. It is associated with metabolic syndrome, increasing risks for Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, said Dr. Sarah Hutto of the University of Minnesota Medical School. The exact cause is unknown, but genetics and obesity play roles, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary, making diagnosis challenging. They include irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen production (causing acne and hair growth or thinning), and follicles on the ovaries (not abnormal cysts). For teens, diagnosis requires both irregular periods and signs of high androgens, such as severe acne or chest hair.
Fertility and Pregnancy
PMOS is the most common cause of female infertility due to infrequent ovulation. It may also increase risks of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes or preterm birth, though most affected individuals can carry a pregnancy successfully.
Treatment Options
Dr. Cree emphasizes that lifestyle changes—such as eating less processed food, exercising, and getting adequate sleep—are the primary treatment. 'We’re not trying to be judgmental. There is science to back this up. In PMOS, there is too much insulin in many women, which confuses the ovary to make too much testosterone, causing symptoms.' Other treatments include insulin-sensitizing medications like Metformin, androgen-blocking drugs, and hormonal birth control. Management should be individualized based on symptoms and goals, such as fertility treatments for those planning pregnancy.
Impact of the Name Change
Researchers and doctors are spreading awareness through meetings and medical societies. They hope the new name improves understanding and care. 'I’m very excited about the name change, as are the majority of my colleagues,' said Dr. Cree.
