Scientists at the University of Bristol have developed a new method to detect early signs of heart and kidney disease through a simple blood test. The breakthrough focuses on the glycocalyx, a sugar and protein-rich coating lining the inside of blood vessels, which becomes damaged at the earliest stages of illness.
Until now, monitoring this microscopic damage required invasive biopsies or advanced microscopy. The researchers discovered that red blood cells pick up components of the glycocalyx as they circulate, creating a biochemical 'imprint' that reflects the condition of the blood vessel lining. This allows for non-invasive detection of vascular damage.
Dr Matthew Butler from the University of Bristol said: 'Our results suggest that we can use changes occurring at the surface of red blood cells to identify microscopic blood vessel damage before other markers become detectable. Most excitingly, we can also rapidly detect when drugs are effective at restoring the blood vessel lining.'
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council and Kidney Research UK, was published in Nature Communications. The British Heart Foundation and Diabetes UK also supported co-authors. Professor Simon Satchell added: 'This discovery could pave the way for proactive, preventative healthcare, offering the possibility of addressing diseases before they develop.'
