Millions of people in the UK taking common medications such as statins, amlodipine, and anti-anxiety tablets are being advised by the NHS to avoid grapefruit and its juice. The health service warns that mixing these fruits with certain drugs can lead to severe side effects, including kidney damage and muscle breakdown.
Statins, widely prescribed to lower LDL cholesterol, work by reducing cholesterol production in the liver, helping to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Amlodipine, sold as Istin, is a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure. The NHS states that grapefruit can increase the amount of amlodipine in the body, worsening side effects.
The interaction occurs because grapefruit inhibits enzymes and transporter proteins in the gut, such as CYP3A4 and P-gp, which are responsible for breaking down and moving drugs into the bloodstream. This leads to excessive medication levels in the blood. The NHS advises patients to avoid grapefruit entirely while on these medications, unless a doctor advises otherwise.
Other citrus fruits, including Seville oranges, pomelos, and limes, may have similar effects. Patients are urged to read medication labels and consult their GP or pharmacist before making any changes to their diet or medication routine.
