Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare heart condition that often strikes suddenly, with no prior symptoms or warning. It occurs when one or more layers of a coronary artery tear, allowing blood to flow between them and form clots that can cause a heart attack if the blood supply to the heart is blocked.
The condition remains a mystery to medical professionals, who are unsure of its exact cause. It typically affects people with no traditional risk factors for heart disease, and is most common in women aged 45 to 53, though it can occur in anyone.
The British Heart Foundation (BHF) has urged the public to seek medical attention if they experience any SCAD symptoms, as early diagnosis is crucial. However, the BHF notes that the condition cannot currently be predicted or prevented.
Symptoms of SCAD are similar to those of angina or a heart attack, and include chest pain, shortness of breath, and sudden neck pain. The BHF advises anyone experiencing these symptoms to call 999 immediately. Around 80% of SCAD patients are women, and the condition often occurs during or shortly after pregnancy.
Treatment options include medication to prevent blood clots, stents to keep the affected artery open, or, in rare cases, coronary artery bypass surgery. The BHF acknowledges that a SCAD diagnosis can be frightening, and encourages patients to seek support from loved ones, GPs, or mental health professionals.
