The UK must adapt to living in a hotter climate or risk exacerbating social inequalities, a major report warns. Temperatures are already 1.4C above historic norms and could rise by 2C within two decades, leading to heatwaves of up to 45C, more frequent droughts, and severe flooding.
The Climate Change Committee (CCC) report, published on Wednesday, states that the UK was 'built for a climate that no longer exists'. Every aspect of infrastructure – from transport and housing to schools and hospitals – will be affected. Without preventive action, extreme weather will disproportionately harm lower-income households.
Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable, with a Wellcome study linking high temperatures to increased risks of preterm birth and stillbirth. Schools face challenges too: students are more likely to fail exams taken at 32C than at 22C. The CCC advises all schools to have air conditioning by 2050, but budget constraints may delay implementation.
Homes are also at risk, with nine out of ten British homes prone to overheating. 'Tropical nights' where temperatures stay above 20C will become common, and families unable to afford air conditioning may only cool one room. Food prices have already surged, with climate impacts adding about £360 to the average annual food bill, and a 50% rise forecast by November compared to 2021.
Flooding will also hit the poorest hardest, as wealthier households can afford prevention measures or relocation. Cath Smith of Green Alliance warns that 'climate change consequences aren’t felt equally', and without policy changes, rising temperatures will worsen inequalities. Sam Alvis of IPPR adds that far-right groups could exploit public anger over inadequate preparation, as seen in Valencia and Los Angeles.
Dr Friederike Otto, professor of climate science, urges prioritising prevention over adaptation. The CCC report calls for urgent government action to redress the unequal impacts of climate change and ensure a resilient future for all.
