For many Brits, the day does not truly begin until that first cup of tea. However, a new study from the University of Queensland may give pause before boiling the kettle. Scientists have issued an urgent warning about the microplastics released from plastic kettles, revealing that the first boil can release around 12 million nanoparticles per millilitre. This equates to nearly three billion particles in an average 250ml cup of tea.
Study Details
Lead author Dr Elvis Okoffo stated, 'Boiling water in plastic kettles is a daily routine for millions of people worldwide, and we have found this simple habit can release tiny plastic particles into the water we use every day.' The study provides evidence that plastic kettles can be a source of daily human exposure to nanoplastics and microplastics, with new kettles releasing notable concentrations during boiling.
While the particles released after the first boil were the most intense, levels remained fairly high throughout the experiment. After 150 boils, there were still 820,000 nanoparticles detected per millilitre, which equates to 205 million particles per 250ml cup of tea.
Hard Water Effect
Interestingly, the researchers found that hard tap water significantly reduced the amount of particles released. They suspect this is due to minerals forming a protective coating inside the kettle.
Recommendations
Based on the findings, the researchers urge tea lovers to be particularly careful with new kettles. 'Simple rinsing before first use is common, but it does not achieve the same level of removal as repeated cycles of boiling and discarding,' Dr Okoffo said. 'Many people may overlook or skip this step, highlighting the need for clearer product labelling and instructions.' He called on manufacturers, policymakers, and regulators to inform consumers with safety guidelines or product labels warning about plastic particle release.
Health Concerns
Despite their prevalence, scientists still do not know the long-term effects of microplastics on human health. Researchers are increasingly concerned about the capacity of these particles to be internalised within cells, causing alterations in cellular function, particularly in children and leading to definitive alterations in adult life. There is a growing body of evidence that plastics could play a key role in early-onset cancer genesis. In 2024, a study found that cancer cells in the gut spread at an accelerated rate after contact with microplastics. Experts have also raised alarm about a potential link between microplastics and reproductive health.
Dr Okoffo added, 'The concentrations of these particles and the extent of human exposure remain poorly understood. The study fills an important knowledge gap about how plastic products used in homes can contribute to daily plastic exposure and how small, practical changes in everyday routines can reduce exposure to plastics. By combining better product design, improved labelling, and public awareness, we can help limit the amount of plastic entering both our bodies and the environment.'
