Fifa has officially confirmed Saudi Arabia as the host of the 2034 men's World Cup, a decision that has drawn sharp criticism from human rights groups and labour organisations. The 48-team tournament will be held across 15 stadiums in five cities, most likely during the winter months.
The confirmation came during a virtual congress of Fifa's 211 member associations, where the decision was made by acclamation rather than a formal vote. Alongside this, the 2030 World Cup was awarded to Morocco, Spain and Portugal, with three celebratory matches in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay to mark the centenary of the tournament.
Fifa president Gianni Infantino defended the process, stating it demonstrated unity within the global football community. He acknowledged criticisms and concerns but expressed trust that Saudi Arabia would address them, saying the World Cup's spotlight could drive positive social and human rights improvements.
Saudi sports minister Abdulaziz bin Turki al-Faisal welcomed the decision, promising “an extraordinary version of the World Cup” and inviting the world to experience the kingdom’s culture and success story. However, Amnesty International’s head of labour rights and sport, Steve Cockburn, condemned the move, warning that it “will put many lives at risk” given the country’s record on migrant worker exploitation.
Fifa’s own evaluation rated the risk of human rights violations as “medium,” noting the need for effective enforcement. Trade unions have filed complaints with the International Labour Organisation and the United Nations, while a watchdog reported 82 instances of corporate abuse of migrant workers in Saudi Arabia between January 2022 and October 2024, including allegations of workers enduring 10-hour shifts in 45°C heat on a stadium construction site.
The English Football Association supported the bids, stating it had engaged with Saudi authorities on the issue.
