Gulf nations are reassessing their security strategies following the US-Israel war on Iran and a ceasefire that leaves Tehran emboldened. The region must contend with a continuing threat from Iran and its remaining missile arsenal, while American bases on Gulf soil made them targets during the conflict.
A key sticking point in ceasefire negotiations is Iran's insistence on retaining control of the Strait of Hormuz, through which most Gulf trade flows. Talks between the US and Iran, set to begin in Islamabad as soon as Friday, will address the strait's future. Gulf states say they cannot tolerate Iran's ability to throttle their economies at will.
During the five-week conflict, Gulf nations largely intercepted Iranian missiles and drones, demonstrating defensive capabilities. However, they are divided over future relations with Iran. A hawkish group led by the UAE and Bahrain takes a harder line, while others seek peace through renewed ties. Saudi Arabia and Iran held their first official contact since the war began, with foreign ministers discussing ways to reduce tensions.
Experts urge a shift away from sole reliance on the US toward partnerships with middle powers like Turkey and Pakistan. Saudi Arabia has forged a defence pact with Pakistan, and the UAE announced a defence partnership with India. The UK also discussed deepening defence industrial cooperation with Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, the UAE bore the brunt of Iranian attacks, with over 2,250 drones and 560 missiles fired at it, more than 90% intercepted.
Analysts note that Iran has become 'public enemy number one' for Gulf states, necessitating constant vigilance. Saudi Arabia is considered better positioned to recover due to its Red Sea ports and oil pipeline, but all Gulf nations face the challenge of rebuilding economies while managing security threats.
