More than two million people across the UK who rely on inhalers for respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD are being reminded to keep their medication close and store it correctly as temperatures plunge. The reminder follows the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) issuing its first yellow cold weather alert of the year this week.
Jason Murphy, Head of Pharmacy at Chemist4U, has warned that the sudden cold snap presents severe health risks, particularly for the elderly and people with existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions, who face a heightened risk of heart attacks, strokes, and aggravated breathing problems.
Cold Air Can Trigger Asthma Flare-Ups
Murphy said: "The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) issuing its first yellow cold weather alert marks the first real cold snap of the year. This can catch people off guard and can have a real impact on people's health, particularly if you are older or living with a respiratory or cardiovascular condition."
He added: "During periods of extreme cold weather, heart attacks and strokes can become more likely as the cold causes blood vessels to narrow, increasing blood pressure and placing strain on the cardiovascular system. Respiratory infections and pneumonia are more likely during cold weather."
"The cold dry air can also aggravate existing breathing problems and lead to issues such as asthma flare ups. With temperatures set to significantly drop in the next 48 hours, it is important that people are aware of the steps you can take to protect yourself in the cold weather."
Keep Medication Close and Store It Properly
For those with breathing difficulties and respiratory conditions, the cold air can be particularly challenging, so if you are prescribed an inhaler, keep it near you at all times, Murphy advised.
Medicine also needs to be stored in the correct conditions to remain effective. Check the packaging of any medication you have and make sure it isn't left somewhere that gets extremely cold overnight, such as the car. If unsure about medication storage requirements, check the patient leaflet or ask your pharmacist directly.
People should store a Salbutamol inhaler at room temperature (below 30°C / 25°C). It is also advised to protect it from frost and keep it in a dry place, as outlined in the Asthma + Lung UK Inhaler Care Guide.
Practical Steps to Stay Safe in the Cold
If you have a respiratory condition or asthma, you may want to consider covering your nose and mouth with a scarf when you're outside, Murphy suggested. Cold, dry air can be particularly uncomfortable and painful, so this will help you breathe warmer air if you have to go outside, he explained.
Using Albuterol in cold and dry air is effective and often recommended as a rescue or pre-treatment option. The Allergy and Asthma Network says: "Use a short-acting albuterol inhaler at the first sign of symptoms to keep asthma from worsening."
Murphy also highlighted other steps to protect yourself: "It may sound simple, but ensuring you stay warm both out and at home is crucial. Layer clothing rather than relying on one heavy coat, and remember that gloves, thick socks, and woolly hats can protect the areas that lose heat rapidly. At home, make sure you heat the rooms you use regularly; avoid sitting still in one place for long periods of time."
With cold weather, colds, flu and other respiratory infections circulate more regularly. If you notice any symptoms, especially if you are elderly or vulnerable, take advice from a healthcare professional. If these symptoms become severe and you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or an existing condition becomes difficult to manage, call 999, Murphy says.
Murphy also warned about dehydration: "You may associate dehydration with a heatwave, but people may end up drinking less water when it is cold as they don't feel as thirsty." He recommends drinking water regularly throughout the day to prevent dehydration-related issues, such as headaches, fatigue, nausea, and dizziness.
With ice potentially forming on the ground, the risk of slips and falls increases, especially for older adults and people with reduced mobility. Wear shoes with good grip, avoid rushing and use handrails where possible, he said.
When at home, be careful when using hot water bottles to stay warm, Murphy warns. Regularly check for cracks, splits, or deterioration before use, and avoid pressing them directly against your skin, especially when you're asleep, as prolonged exposure can cause burns.
Murphy said: "This week may mark the first time you have put your heating on in a while and during cold weather. People naturally use their boilers more regularly and ventilate homes far less." He stresses that people make sure their carbon monoxide alarm is working correctly and never ignore an alarm, as carbon monoxide cannot be seen or smelled. "If you don't have an alarm, make sure you get one installed in rooms containing fuel-burning appliances," he said.
Murphy added: "During the cold weather, it is important to take steps to protect yourself, with the risk of mild to severe health conditions increasing. Alongside this, make sure if you're checking in on a more vulnerable person, such as an elderly relative or neighbour, that you don't just ask whether they are cold."
Pay particular attention to whether they seem tired, confused, are shivering or struggling with their speech. Someone becoming extremely cold can suffer from hypothermia, which is a medical emergency, and if you notice anyone experiencing these symptoms, you should seek urgent medical advice.
