A new study has found that popular weight-loss and diabetes medications may be linked to an increased risk of hair loss and nail issues. The findings were presented at the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Congress and suggest that drugs such as Semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy) and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound) may have unexpected dermatological side effects.
Study details and key findings
The research assessed 575 people actively using GLP-1 medications across France, the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. Their experiences were compared with a control group of 1,329 people who had obesity or type 2 diabetes but had never taken the drugs.
The results showed a notable difference in nail health between the two groups. Among GLP-1 users, 39% developed onycholysis, a condition where the nail detaches from the nail bed, compared with 9% of the control group. Nail discolouration affected 46% of those taking the medications, versus 17% of non-users. Overall, two-thirds of GLP-1 patients experienced at least one form of nail disorder.
Hair loss and expert comments
A separate analysis presented at the same conference found that 50% of GLP-1 users experienced abnormal hair loss, compared with 34% in the control group.
Study author Dr Charles Taïeb said: "Until now, nail changes associated with GLP-1 therapies had essentially been anecdotal. Our findings show a clear association, but they also underline an important point: not everything that happens during GLP-1 treatment is necessarily caused by the treatment itself."
Dr Bruno Haliou added: "These changes are frequent, usually benign, and are not a reason to stop an effective treatment on one's own initiative. Anyone who notices hair shedding, an itchy or red scalp or nail changes should mention it to their doctor rather than discontinue therapy."
Possible causes and advice
Medical professionals warn that the research shows a strong correlation rather than definitive proof that the medication directly harms hair and nails. The complications may instead be a secondary response to rapid weight loss, which can stress the body and disrupt the natural growth patterns of hair and nails. Reduced calorie intake can also lead to temporary shortfalls in nutrients such as zinc, biotin, and protein, which are essential for keratin formation.
As GLP-1 medications become more popular, researchers stress the need for patient vigilance. Individuals using these treatments should monitor their hair and nails and seek medical advice if they notice significant changes. Adjusting diet to ensure adequate vitamin and mineral intake may help minimise complications, but it is essential to consult a doctor before making substantial dietary or lifestyle changes, particularly when taking medication.
