The World Health Organisation (WHO) has classified the latest Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo as a “public health emergency of international concern,” but has reassured the public that it does not meet the criteria for a “pandemic.”
What Is Ebola?
Ebola is a rare but severe disease that often results in death. It is transmitted through contact with the body fluids of an infected person or animal. Importantly, it has never been transmitted from person to person in the United Kingdom.
Where Is Ebola Found?
The disease is typically present in certain regions of Africa. The NHS advises travellers to seek advice from a travel clinic if they plan to visit areas where Ebola is known to exist. It recommends doing so at least four to six weeks before travel, though last-minute advice is still available if needed.
Symptoms of Ebola
Ebola symptoms usually appear between two and 21 days after infection. Early signs can resemble the flu, including a high temperature, extreme tiredness, and headaches, according to the NHS.
Other symptoms include:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea and abdominal pain
- Skin rash
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes
- Blood in stool
- Extensive bruising over the body
- Bleeding from the ears, eyes, nose, or mouth
- Muscle pain
- Sore throat
- Blood in vomit or faeces
- Bleeding from the nose, gums, or vagina
While many are aware of the bleeding symptoms associated with Ebola, the WHO notes that these are less common and typically occur in the later stages of the disease.
Protection Against Ebola
Three different viruses can cause Ebola disease outbreaks: Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Bundibugyo virus. Currently, approved vaccines and treatments exist only for the Ebola virus strain. The current outbreak in the DRC is caused by the Bundibugyo virus.
To reduce the risk of infection, the NHS recommends regular handwashing, washing fruits and vegetables, and avoiding contact with anyone exhibiting Ebola symptoms. Sharing towels or bedding with an infected person should also be avoided.
Treatment for Ebola
Early medical intervention significantly improves survival chances. Patients are typically isolated in hospitals and treated by specialists in intensive care units. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, such as administering intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, according to the NHS.
The WHO reports that the average case fatality rate for Ebola is around 50%. Previous outbreaks have seen rates varying from 25% to 90%.
