As children enter their teenage years, some weight gain is a normal part of growing up. However, certain physical changes may signal a more serious underlying condition. Experts warn that a little-known skin change could indicate that a young person is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
The Warning Sign: Acanthosis Nigricans
Dr Dominic Greenyer, a GP and director at The Health Suite, explains that one key indicator of weight-related health issues in children is a noticeable change in the skin. Specifically, a darkening and thickening of the skin in the folds of the neck and armpits, medically known as acanthosis nigricans, can be a sign of insulin resistance. This condition is closely linked to obesity and, if left unaddressed, can be a stepping stone towards type 2 diabetes.
Many parents overlook this change, mistaking it for a tan line, dry skin, or simply dirt. Dr Greenyer emphasises the importance of clinical assessment if parents are concerned about their child's weight.
Other Symptoms to Watch For
Alongside skin changes, other symptoms that warrant a professional evaluation include:
- A BMI consistently at or above the 91st centile
- Weight gain disproportionate to the child's height and development
- A family history of obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes
Dr Greenyer notes that it can be difficult for parents to distinguish between healthy weight gain and weight gain that requires medical advice. The key is whether weight gain is crossing centile lines upwards over time and whether it is accompanied by unusual signs like skin changes.
What the NHS Says
The NHS states that acanthosis nigricans patches often appear gradually without any other symptoms. Anyone with new dark patches on their skin or any unexplained skin changes is advised to consult their GP. The NHS website adds that sometimes healthy people with no other conditions get acanthosis nigricans, and it is more common in people with black or brown skin.
Treatment for Acanthosis Nigricans
Once a GP identifies the underlying cause, they can advise on the most appropriate treatment. The patches should fade over time once the cause is treated. For those who are significantly overweight, a GP may advise weight loss. Depending on the cause, medication to regulate hormones or insulin levels may be prescribed, or a switch in medication that triggers the patches may be recommended.
The NHS notes that there is no specific treatment for the patches themselves, but a dermatologist may suggest treatments to improve their appearance. However, finding and treating the cause is usually recommended first.
