Covid 'Cicada' Variant BA.3.2 Predicted to Dominate UK, Posing Heightened Risk to Children
A new Covid strain, dubbed the 'Cicada' variant with the technical name BA.3.2, is rapidly spreading across the United Kingdom and is expected to become the dominant strain. Leading microbiologists analysing the variant have issued stark warnings that it could disproportionately affect children, potentially driving a fresh wave of infections.
Variant Characteristics and Spread
The Cicada variant, a descendant of Omicron first detected in South Africa in 2024, possesses approximately 75 genetic mutations in its spike protein. This protein is crucial for the virus to enter human cells, and the mutations enhance its ability to evade the body's immune defences. Professor Ravi Gupta of Cambridge University, who advised the UK government during the pandemic, stated, "This is different from the viruses we have been dealing with for the last two years."
Professor Gupta, part of the New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group (NERVTAG), highlighted that BA.3.2 has been increasing in prevalence in the UK and is undergoing rigorous testing for immune evasion. The variant is believed to have developed its numerous mutations while incubating in a single immunocompromised patient over an extended period, possibly due to conditions like HIV or cancer treatments.
After a dormant phase, Cicada has now spread to 23 countries, including widespread detection in the wastewater systems of 29 US states. Global data up to February indicates its expansion, with weekly detections comprising around 30% of Covid sequences in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands, though overall case numbers in those regions have not yet surged compared to previous years.
Heightened Risk for Children
Emerging evidence suggests the Cicada variant may spread most aggressively among children, particularly those without prior Covid immunity or vaccination. Professor Gupta explained, "Some people have done analysis on this suggesting it may be more prevalent among young children. Children get infections all the time but this might be something to do with the fact that they have never been exposed to Covid vaccines."
This potential for rapid transmission in younger populations raises concerns that children could become a significant driver of a new infection wave. While the variant appears to spread more quickly, there is currently no evidence it causes more severe disease. However, Professor Gupta cautioned, "The problem with this is that it is an infection that spreads fast. Eventually it ends up in someone who is vulnerable."
Symptoms and Vaccine Protection
Symptoms of the Cicada variant mirror those of recent strains, including sore throat, cough, congestion, fatigue, headache, and fever. Additionally, some patients report gastrointestinal issues such as nausea or diarrhoea, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Despite its mutations, experts emphasise that current vaccines still offer substantial protection against severe disease. Professor Gupta noted, "The immunocompromised and the elderly are at the biggest risk but vaccines should prevent some of the most severe complications in most people." Latest data indicates Long Covid occurs in approximately 3% of cases.
The NHS continues to offer free jabs to eligible groups, including those aged 75 and over, individuals with weakened immune systems aged 6 months to 74 years, and care home residents. Spring and early winter are typical vaccination periods. For those not eligible on the NHS, Covid-19 boosters are available privately at High Street pharmacies, costing between £75 and £100.
Ongoing Vigilance Required
Professor Gupta highlighted that Covid waves can occur year-round, citing recent admissions at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. He stressed the importance of ongoing monitoring, as the virus remains a threat, especially to frail individuals. With the Cicada variant's increased transmissibility and potential impact on children, public health officials urge continued vigilance and vaccination uptake to mitigate risks and prevent overwhelming healthcare systems.
