While many assume a heart attack strikes quickly, the reality is that the problem often builds up to that sudden event. There are several warning signs beyond the obvious that can help people identify as early as possible if they require urgent medical help.
Some heart attacks do occur with an immediate intensity, but many develop gradually with only mild pain or discomfort. Being able to spot these early warning signs is crucial in securing the fastest and most effective medical response.
Common Chest Pain
The most common symptom for both men and women is a pain in the centre of the chest. This sensation may feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or outright pain. This discomfort often lasts for more than a few minutes, or it may temporarily ease before returning. However, this most common symptom does not necessarily occur in every case.
Other Upper Body Pain
Some people may experience pain or discomfort in other areas of the upper body, including one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
Shortness of Breath
Alongside physical pain, another symptom that demands immediate attention is shortness of breath, which can occur with or without the characteristic chest pain.
Additional Warning Signs
According to the American Heart Association, other potential warning signs include:
- Breaking out in a cold sweat
- Nausea
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Feeling unusually tired
- Feeling lightheaded
Sex Differences in Symptoms
It is worth noting that symptoms can differ between the sexes. While chest pain remains one of the most common indicators for everybody, women are more likely than men to experience atypical symptoms such as anxiety, vomiting, an upset stomach, or pain specifically in the shoulder, back, or arm.
When to Call 999
Should you or anyone around you experience any of these warning signs, do not hesitate. Contact the emergency services without delay. Call 999 if:
- You have chest pain that feels tight or like squeezing on your chest
- You have chest pain that's spreading to your arms, neck or jaw
- You're having severe difficulty breathing – you're gasping, choking or not able to get words out
- Your lips or skin are pale, blue or grey – on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of the hands
- Someone has passed out and is not responding normally
For more information about heart attacks, see the NHS website.
