Although many assume all hybrid cars work the same way – using a battery and electric motor to assist the engine – there are actually four main types, each with distinct characteristics. Understanding these differences is crucial when choosing your next vehicle.
Mild hybrids (MHEVs) have a small battery (0.5-1kWh) and a 48V system. They cannot drive on electric power alone, but assist the engine during acceleration and operate start-stop systems. The battery charges solely through regenerative braking, with no plug-in capability.
Full hybrids (FHEVs) feature a larger battery and can drive on electric power alone for short distances, typically a couple of miles. They intelligently switch between engine, electric motor or both, and are often described as 'self-charging' as they recharge via regenerative braking and engine-generated power.
Plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) combine an engine with a larger battery (10-30kWh) and can be charged from a domestic socket, home wallbox or public charger. They offer electric-only driving for dozens of miles and can maintain motorway speeds without using the engine. Many PHEVs include drive modes that optimise efficiency or preserve battery charge for later use.
While the mild, full and plug-in hybrids are the most common, manufacturers sometimes use terms like 'self-charging' to describe full hybrids. Understanding these categories helps drivers choose the right level of electrification for their needs.
