The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has issued its first yellow cold weather alert of the year as temperatures plunge across the UK. Health experts are urging the public to take precautions, with a UK pharmacist warning that the sudden cold snap presents severe health risks, particularly for the elderly and people with existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions.
Pharmacist warns of heightened risks
Jason Murphy, Head of Pharmacy at Chemist4U, has warned that the cold snap can catch people off guard and have a real impact on health, especially for those who are older or living with a respiratory or cardiovascular condition. He noted that during periods of extreme cold weather, heart attacks and strokes can become more likely as the cold causes blood vessels to narrow, increasing blood pressure and placing strain on the cardiovascular system. Respiratory infections and pneumonia are also more likely during cold weather.
Murphy added: "The cold dry air can also aggravate existing breathing problems and lead to issues such as asthma flare ups. With temperatures set to significantly drop in the next 48 hours, it is important that people are aware of the steps you can take to protect yourself in the cold weather."
Inhaler storage and use
More than two million people across the UK rely on inhalers for respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Murphy advised that if you are prescribed an inhaler, keep it near you at all times. Medicine also needs to be stored in the correct conditions to remain effective. Check the packaging of any medication and make sure it isn't left somewhere that gets extremely cold overnight, such as the car.
People should store a Salbutamol inhaler at room temperature (below 30°C / 25°C), protect it from frost, and keep it in a dry place, as outlined in the Asthma + Lung UK Inhaler Care Guide. If you are unsure about medication storage requirements, check the patient leaflet or ask your pharmacist directly.
For those with a respiratory condition or asthma, Murphy suggests covering your nose and mouth with a scarf when outside, as cold, dry air can be particularly uncomfortable and painful. The Allergy and Asthma Network says: "Use a short-acting albuterol inhaler at the first sign of symptoms to keep asthma from worsening."
Staying warm and hydrated
Murphy emphasised the importance of staying warm both out and at home. He advised layering clothing rather than relying on one heavy coat, and remembering that gloves, thick socks, and woolly hats can protect areas that lose heat rapidly. At home, heat the rooms you use regularly and avoid sitting still in one place for long periods.
He also warned about dehydration, noting that people may drink less water when it is cold as they don't feel as thirsty. He recommends drinking water regularly throughout the day to prevent dehydration-related issues, such as headaches, fatigue, nausea, and dizziness.
Safety checks and checking on others
With ice potentially forming on the ground, the risk of slips and falls increases, especially for older adults and people with reduced mobility. Murphy advises wearing shoes with good grip, avoiding rushing, and using handrails where possible. At home, be careful when using hot water bottles, regularly checking for cracks, splits, or deterioration before use, and avoiding pressing them directly against the skin, especially when asleep.
Murphy stressed that people should make sure their carbon monoxide alarm is working correctly and never ignore an alarm, as carbon monoxide cannot be seen or smelled. "If you don't have an alarm, make sure you get one installed in rooms containing fuel-burning appliances," he said.
He also urged people to check in on vulnerable individuals, such as elderly relatives or neighbours, paying particular attention to whether they seem tired, confused, are shivering or struggling with their speech. Someone becoming extremely cold can suffer from hypothermia, which is a medical emergency, and if you notice anyone experiencing these symptoms, you should seek urgent medical advice.
