A global team of 43 scientists has warned that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are driving a 'chronic disease pandemic', with the UK among the worst affected nations. In a new paper, the experts argue that the food industry's focus on profit over health is restructuring food systems, displacing fresh foods and worsening diet quality.
UPFs—including ice cream, processed meats, crisps, mass-produced bread, some breakfast cereals, biscuits, ready meals and fizzy drinks—have been linked to obesity, heart disease, cancer and early death. They often contain high levels of saturated fat, salt, sugar and additives, leaving less room for nutritious foods. The UK's UPF consumption is among the highest in Europe, making up over half of people's energy intake.
Professor Chris Van Tulleken of University College London criticised decades of industry reformulation, stating: 'We took the fat out, then the sugar out, replacing them with sweeteners and gums. Yet obesity—especially in childhood—and diet-related disease rates have persistently risen.' He added that UPFs are designed for profit, not health, and reformulation alone cannot solve the problem.
The experts argue that government policies in high-income countries have focused on consumer responsibility and voluntary industry self-regulation, which have failed to curb the rise of UPFs. They call for policies promoting whole-food diets, noting that countries like Italy, Greece and Portugal keep UPF consumption below 25%, compared to 50% in the UK and US.
Some commentators urge caution: Professor Kevin McConway of the Open University noted that while some UPFs may increase disease risk, evidence is not conclusive for all. Kate Halliwell of the Food and Drink Federation defended the industry, saying manufacturers produce a wide range of products that can form part of a balanced diet.
