Researchers have developed a pioneering test that uses menstrual blood to detect human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for most cervical cancers. The test, which involves a sanitary pad with a blood sample strip, could offer a non-invasive and convenient alternative to traditional cervical screening, according to a study published in the BMJ.
The study, conducted in China between 2021 and 2025, involved 3,068 women aged 20 to 54 with regular menstrual cycles. Participants provided three samples: a menstrual blood sample collected via a pad, a clinician-collected cervical sample, and an extra sample for lab processing. The pad-collected samples showed a sensitivity of 94.7% for detecting cervical cell abnormalities (CIN2), comparable to the 92.1% sensitivity of clinician-collected samples.
While the pad performed slightly less well on specificity, the probability of a negative test correctly indicating absence of disease was identical for both methods. Referral rates for further tests were also similar. The authors concluded that menstrual blood testing could serve as a standardised, non-invasive alternative to current screening methods.
Charities and experts have welcomed the findings but urge caution. Sophie Brooks of Cancer Research UK called it an interesting approach but emphasised the need for larger, more diverse trials. Xavier Bosch, an emeritus researcher, described the work as pioneering but still in the research phase. Athena Lamnisos of the Eve Appeal noted that the test would not suit everyone, such as menopausal women, but highlighted the potential for offering choice to those who avoid current screening.
