Millions of older adults take glucosamine for joint health, but new research suggests it may be linked to faster Alzheimer's progression. The study, published in Nature Metabolism, found that people with early memory difficulties who used glucosamine were more likely to develop dementia than non-users.
Study findings
Researchers at the University of Florida analyzed health records from 2012 to 2024, focusing on individuals with Alzheimer's or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). About 8% of patients in both groups reported taking glucosamine.
After adjusting for age, sex, and other factors, those with MCI who used glucosamine had a 25% higher likelihood of developing dementia compared to non-users. Among dementia patients, glucosamine use was linked to a 25% increased risk of death during the study period, but this trend was not seen in the MCI group.
Brain mechanism
The researchers identified a sugar-tagging pathway in the brain that is overactive in Alzheimer's. Glucosamine, being a sugar-related compound, can cross the blood-brain barrier and contribute to this pathway. In mouse experiments, glucosamine increased sugar attachments in cells, and mice performed worse on social memory tests. Reducing this activity improved memory scores.
Human brain tissue from Alzheimer's patients showed significantly elevated levels of these sugar attachments compared to healthy individuals, suggesting the process may actively contribute to disease progression.
Expert advice
The study does not prove glucosamine causes dementia, and effects may vary. Experts emphasize this is an association, not conclusive proof. If you take glucosamine, speak to your GP before stopping. They can consider your full health picture, including memory symptoms and other medications.
If you have no memory concerns and have been advised to take glucosamine, your clinician may suggest continuing while the evidence is reviewed.
